Combined application of organic manure and chemical fertilizers stabilizes soil N-cycling microflora

• The abundance of N-cycling genes differently responded to NPK application. Chemical application greatly altered the microbial community structure. Soil acidification was main driver for variation in community. Manure addition beneficial stabilizing Straw and manure are widely applied agricultural systems, shape soil microflora. However, we still lack a comprehensive understanding how these organic materials structure communities. In this study, metagenomic analysis performed investigate compositional communities 30-year long-term experiment under five fertilization regimes: no (Control), chemical only (NPK), with wheat straw (NPK + HS), pig PM), cow CM). Long-term differentially changed gene HS resulted similar pattern terms PM CM significantly increased most that Control. Further revealed serious caused by major factor alkaline manure, rather than straw, stabilized presumably alleviating acidification. These results strong impact on illustrated possibility resolving nitrogen-related environmental problems manipulating pH acidified soils.